vendredi 28 mars 2014

Two Famous Italian Painters

By Darren Hartley


Paintings of flowers and fruits consisted the early Caravaggio paintings. They demonstrated an aspect of Caravaggio realism, physical particularity, for which he became famous for. The earliest of Caravaggio paintings was Boy Peeling a Fruit. Other early works include Boy with a Basket of Fruit and Young Sick Bacchus.

The Fortune Teller was the first of Caravaggio paintings to feature more than one figure. It was painted by an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily whose full name was Michelangelo Merisi o Amerighi da Caravaggio. It carried a theme that was relatively new in Rome, that of a 16 year old Sicilian artist, who went by the name Mario Minniti, being cheated by a Gypsy girl. This theme became immensely influential in the coming century as well as the next.

More psychologically complex Caravaggio paintings include The Cardsharps, showing a boy as a falling victim to card cheats, and considered the first true Caravaggio masterpiece. The following Caravaggio paintings became the center of dispute among scholars and biographers for their homoerotic ambiance. These were The Musicians, The Lute Player, a tipsy Bacchus and Boy Bitten by a Lizard.

The first Caravaggio paintings on religious themes were a return to realism and showed an emergence of remarkable spirituality. These paintings included Penitent Magdalene, Saint Catherine, Martha and Mary Magdalene, Judith Beheading Holofernes, Sacrifice of Isaac, Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy and Rest on the Flight into Egypt.

Raphael paintings celebrated perfection and grace with serene and harmonious qualities. Raphael Sanzio was an Italian High Renaissance painter and architect. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he formed the traditional trinity of great masters of the period.

Raphael paintings naturally fall into 3 phases and 3 styles, that is, Raphael's early years in Umbria, a 4 year period absorbing Florence's artistic traditions and his last hectic and triumphant 12 years in Rome.

The technique behind the early Raphael paintings was the application of thick paint, made possible with the use of an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments and the application of thin paint on flesh areas. This technique is very evident in a brilliant self-portrait drawing that showed the precocious talent of Raphael.

Among Raphael paintings, the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino has the distinction of being the first documented work. Large works, some in fresco, comprised the Raphael paintings of the following years. They were actually painted works for other churches, among which are the Mond Crucifixion, the Brera Wedding of the Virgin and Oddi Altarpiece.

Small and exquisite cabinet Raphael paintings during the period included the Three Graces and St. Michael. There was also the beginning of Madonna and portrait paintings among Raphael paintings in the same period.




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