jeudi 26 mai 2011

Basic Tips On The Working Principles Of Pressure Sensors

By Adriana Noton


As the most used systems for pressure measurement, the pressure sensors are good for gases and liquids. The devices can be seen in action when the fluid reaches the containing limit and pushes on the elements of force detection from the equipment. This is the moment when an electrical signal is created and sent to an interpreter. This is the functioning principle on which every sensor is based.

The force parameter is not the only one measured; there are also secondary measurements like the substance amount or the flow of the liquid/gas. These devices can measure a lot of things. The reading can be either static or dynamic.

The requirement for these devices dates from steam age. Many of the equipments that were invented then are still used in our time. There are three types of these devices: piezoelectric, variable capacitance and strain gage.

The forms and design types of thesepressure sensor devices can be very different. The classification is made depending on cost or performance, the measurement range or the temperature at which they are used. The dynamic sensors can indicate when the speed and pressure are modifying. They are known as high performance devices and they are usually piezoelectric.

Strain gage devices are constructed from 2 parts: the diaphragm and the strain gauge. When the force created by the fluid increases, the diaphragm detects the modification and it sends a signal to the strain gauge. Now the strain gauge will resist the force. Then the resistance force generated will be measured by a Data Acquisition System or DAQ.

The variable capacitance modules have two metallic elements. The first element is a metal plate and the second is a metal diaphragm. The distance from the plate to the diaphragm determines the detection of any physical force. Like the accelerometer, devices of this construction are very stable; the only disadvantage is the resistance to high temperatures. It is also more difficult to assemble this type.

Being made of quartz crystals, the piezoelectric sensors use the properties which are owned by these crystals from nature. They have this feature that allows them to make an electrical charge when they detect a force increase. The signal created must be amplified with the proper circuitry. They are not as resistant as other materials to vibration exposure or to any type of shock.

The signal which is transmitted by the device is weak in the majority of cases. The measure unit is mV= 0,001 Volts. The voltage outputted depends on the force intensity. A voltage equal to zero means a pressure level that is zero (zero Bars). The signal does not exist in this case. But when the value is 5V the corresponding value will be 5 Bars.

The popularity of pressure sensors is very high in these times. Their use has extended in various domains like, for instance in the food industry. No matter of what type they are, their main use is for measuring the forces created by various fluids and their speed, their level in containers etc.




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